Political Issues in Emerging Economies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Political Issues in Emerging Economies - Essay Example The Brazilian economy has a strong domestic services sector, which accounts for about 67 percent of the country’s GDP. Major growth areas include insurance, financial intermediation, and retail sales. According to UK Trade and Investment (2012), about 35 million Brazilians moved from Classes D and E to Class C between 2002 and 2012. Consequently, has marked the major economic growth rates, which resulted in a reduction of economic inequalities. In effect, this had an effect of increasing demand from the middle class, an increasing tendency to spend, and provided a major economic opportunity for companies – local and foreign. Partly due to the emerging class of middle class consumers, the Brazilian economy grew by 2.7 percent in 2011, which is lower than the 7.5 percent realised during 2010. Due to these economic changes, there have been efforts that implement policies to contain the increasing inflation since unfavourable global economy has resulted in a retardation of the economy (UK Trade and Investment, 2012). On the other hand, the slowdown contributed to a reduction in basic interest rates in order to boost growth through passing the reductions to consumers and businesses. Importantly, the labour market conditions are relatively favourable, at 6 percent, which is very comparable to the economies lowest. However, local labour regulations are onerous and complex. Therefore, it is important for foreign market entrants to handle them carefully in order to evade costly liabilities. The exchange rate of Brazil was affected to a large extent by the uncertainty in the global economy/ In mid 2012, the Real Dollar slumped from a ratio of 1: 1.73 against the USD to a rate of USD 1: 2.02 (UK Trade and Investment, 2012). In the area of trade, Brazil has remained balanced, but a comparatively closed national economy. The total of trade flows stood at about 25 percent of the economy’s GDP. Brazil’s exports stood at USD 256 billion in 2011 with the major exports being fuel and oil, ores, soybean, transport produce, ethanol, meat, sugar and chemicals. In 2011, the economy’s major consumers were China and US with these two countries representing 17.3 and 10 percent of total exports respectively (UK Trade and Investment, 2012). Other principal consumers include Argentina at 9 percent; Japan at 3.7; and the Netherlands at 5.3 percent. Brazil’s imports stood at USD 226.2 billion for the year 2012. Major imports included chemical products, machinery, automotive parts, oil, electronics, transportation equipment and electrical appliances. The larger

J.P Morgan and the Rise of Business Research Paper

J.P Morgan and the Rise of Business - Research Paper Example Discussion J.P. Morgan was born in 1837 in Hartford Connecticut to Junius Morgan and Juliet Pierpont. Being the only son among four other siblings made him to be more entrenched in the family business. He was to gain invaluable experience from working at George and Peabody Company, a firm in which his father had entered a partnership. Upon his return from New York, he became involved in working for the Duncan Sherman and Company from which he gradually rose in the ranks. Morgan established the J.P. Morgan & Company in 1861 which was to be the subsidiary of his father’s J.S. Morgan. J.P. Morgan made a name for himself through many shrewd deals which involved manipulation of gold prices for a profit. Since his father did not look kindly upon such shady dealings by Morgan, he forced the company into a partnership with Charles Dabney a successful Philadelphia banker (Geisst 35-39). J.P Morgan was involved in the rapidly developing railway industry during this time from which he ma de handsome returns. By the year 1869, Morgan was in charge of Susquehanna and Albany Railroad. By 1879, Morgan had made a name for himself from the sale of stock worth twenty five million dollars in the New York Railroad through a surreptitious consortium. Morgan made a handsome return on his investment in the deal which made his name famous making his to be appointed to the board of the New York Central Railroad board of directors soon after. A series of cunning business deals culminated with the formation of the Interstate Commerce Railway Association whose main aim was to thwart competition (Kwak and Simon 78-87). The group was composed of railway tycoons who were keen on protecting their businesses from increasing competition from small holders. The practice by the Interstate Commerce Railway Association of running down competing railroads through cartel led to the enactment of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 which made it illegal for companies to behave in cartel like beha vior. Most of modern day American laws on cartels are based on this act of 1887 (Chernow 172-3). Morgan began to associate closely with the Union government in 1872 through his purchasing of treasury bonds and bills. The 1893 financial panic further increased the profile and stature of Morgan when he was put mandated to act as a central bank by the government. The US had no central bank system and was such in danger of collapsing due to lack of controls on the monetary system. In conjunction with European bankers with whom his father and he had acquired connections, he made a deal for the United States to get a loan of 65 million dollars from Europe. While Morgan made a lot of money from the transaction, he has been tagged as a robber baron by many critics since he declined to divulge how much he had made from the syndicate. Modern day history scholars in the field of economics acknowledge Morgan with saving the economic system of the US from imminent disintegration by his act (Morr is 69-78). Morgan has also been involved in the funding of many major American utilities companies. In 1879 Morgan was actively concerned in the giving of financial support to the research of the Edison Electric Company. Morgan is credited with the merger between Edison Electric Company and a rival to form the giant General Electric. Morgan was heavily involved in the provision of

Organisational Performance Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organisational Performance - Research Proposal Example Additionally, Morris & Maisto (2005) suggest that fears over unemployment in volatile or unpredictable business environments is a source of extreme stress, often leading to alcohol-related diseases or cases of extreme moodiness both personally and professionally. When thoughts of potential job loss are somewhat irrational and are not based on tangible organisational evidence, it is the responsibility of the employer to build a sense of security for their employees to avoid extreme stress development. This is accomplished, according to Griffin & Moorhead (2006) by reinforcing that their position is stable and, if they remain productive and active contributors to organisational success, they will continue to be employed and valued for their successes. Again, in this scenario, it is the responsibility of the employer to take a proactive leadership approach to boosting employee perceptions regarding job security, perhaps by offering the employee an opportunity to complete a fast-track ma nagement programme to illustrate that the company truly values the relationship. Th There are a wide variety of theories regarding employee and employer relationships in the modern organisation and how to utilise positive reinforcement and motivational theories as a tool to sustain these relationships and boost worker performance. However, establishing security and a sense of appreciation (from a self-esteem development perspective) appear to be the primary catalysts for positive organisational performance as a company whole. When employees are content and secure, they are likely to be larger contributors to securing long-term strategic objectives. The proposed study design Upon project approval, this impending study on organisational performance seeks to answer two specific research questions: What are the most viable methods for employers to establish a sense of security in employees without being misleading' Can employers actually develop self-esteem in their employee population and how is this accomplished in hectic or otherwise difficult organisational environments' This proposed study will take a qualitative approach to research analysis, which Henslin (2003) suggests involves the who, why, and how of relationships, utilising subjective analyses to determine causal relationships between two or more members of the same organisation. The qualitative research approach was determined to be a more viable research strategy than the quantitative approach, which generally relies on statistical information or numerical representation, such as analysis of information laid out in a closed-ended questionnaire format. Because this study requires qualitative research approaches, the semi-structured interview was selected as the most viable research instrument in this proposed study. This

Business management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business management - Essay Example Business management It is argued that the supply chain standards are not fixed at a uniform level or universal conditions cannot be established. Several factors should be taken into consideration while implementing a supply chain implementation or improvement plan. Factors contributing to the effective development of supply chain management are many and varied, which include: - Design and Planning Services: The company offers Design and Planning Services in order to eke the customers in order to develop efficient and ever ready data availability, layered network which supports the customer in reaching new markets and improve performance. - Operations Services: " Managed Network Operations, IT Professional Services, Technical Information Products/Services, and a comprehensive Network Support Program, ensure comprehensive operational, troubleshooting, and maintenance support that keeps your network running smoothly and ensures high network availability. - Performance Services. GSM Network Optimisation Services provide multi-vendor optimisation of 2G and 2.5G networks based on unique modelling and data analysis tools, which utilise real measurement, report data from network users in the optimisation process. - Evolution Services. With Motorola knowledge, tools, and resources, you can conduct comprehensive planning scenarios, accurately model service mixes, and quickly create network simulations for GPRS or UMTS enhanced networks, while gracefully evolving your service offerings.†" (Motorola) In the globalise era when most of the business organisations are involved in different business activities it has become inevitable for the firms independently perform all the functions. Most of the companies do not operate their supply chain and rely on other firms to perform the multi-faceted tasks. The successful and efficient combination of the operations of these firms provides the company with the competitive edge in the market. (Cook, DeBree, and Feroleto, 2001). Lummus and Vokurka (1999) points out towards the need for the managers to understand the performance of all the stake holding firms in the supply chain. According to (Pohlen, 2003), this insight in the performance of each firm will enable the managers to develop measures in order to fulfil the demands of the customers. The main task of the supply chain management is to develop a strategy which can cater the need of the customers and is aligned with the company objectives (Pohlen, 2003). In this lieu it is important for the mangers to keep on measuring the performance

Remmber event Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Remmber event - Essay Example Maybe, I have a lot of lessons to learn from this experience which until now is one of my greatest questions I always throw to God. Years ago, when I was still in high school, I was awakened one morning by the voice of my father. He was talking and crying so bitterly I thought I must have been dreaming. I closed my eyes, thinking that when I opened them again, things will change. Sadly, it was not a dream at all. My father was telling my mother that my favorite cousin, Wesal died. I lay in my bed, numb. I did not seem to be able to move. It was unthinkable. My cousin is very young and she was among my best friends. I was very close to her because she was a good person. She was so sweet, always smiling and ready to encourage other people to face the difficulties of life even though she was suffering, herself. I admired her strength because I knew just how she was living as a married young woman. She was forcedly married to her cousin at a very young age. She did not love the man but because of our culture, she had no choice but to follow her parent’s desires. Nevertheless, Wesal suffered a lot in the hands of her husband. I was one of her confidants. She told me what was happening between her and her husband. She cannot divorce her husband because it is taboo for women to do so. Still, she always finds a way to hide her troubles and show that she could manage. When Wesal got pregnant, she was not treated any better. Her difficulties seemed to become more and more severe. After giving birth to young boy, she suddenly got sick. It shocked most of us when the doctors found out that she was suffering from cancer. She was too young. I visited her lot during that time and I was happy that she was always smiling. I did not know then that she was just trying to show how happy she was when in fact, deep inside, she was grieving and suffering. Before she died, I rejoiced when she told me she was feeling a lot better as opposed to other days when the pain

Poorhouses in California Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Poorhouses in California - Essay Example Prior to reviewing the history and functioning of California’s poorhouses, the actual cause that led to the establishment of such facilities should be examined. In the earlier days, prior to the formation of poorhouses, paupers and destitute people within a community were cared for by providing relief through a caretaker and auctioning or contracting them with those who require their support or work (History of 19th Century American Poorhouses, n.d.). While is not clear as to when such poorhouses actually came into existence, a political code instituted in the year 1982 included a provision of care for the destitute and sick population within the country. This led to the establishment of several poorhouses within the country which were mostly tax-supported residential institutions. However, by the 19th century the United States adopted the system of Poorhouse establishment from England. This was seen as a more efficient and less expensive method to provide relief to paupers an d destitute in the country. Hence several such houses were created with the hope that housing paupers in institutions would provide an opportunity to reform their character or habits and help them overcome poverty and homelessness (History of the 19th Century American Poorhouses, n.d.). It was quite a challenge to collect information pertaining to the origins of poorhouses in California as by the time these institutions were established, it was politically incorrect to refer to these facilities with names that seemed derogatory. During the years 1930 and 1940, the Work Projects Administration (WPA) began an inventory process of the County Archives of several states. As early as 1850, the legislature made a provision that the Court of Sessions which later became the Board of Supervisors, should take care of the county welfare and provide all the

Dual-Court System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dual-Court System - Research Paper Example State courts reserve the authority to hear criminal and civil cases related to state constitutional issues and laws (Neubaeur & Fradella, 2010). In various respects, the dual court system structure was designed to offer a certain degree of independence to local governments, and at the same time ensuring proper judicial checks and balance. Dividing-up administrative roles of justice and giving a number of responsibilities to the states is often regarded as both competent and a reflection of varied citizens’ diverse needs. Preserving an overarching federal system in the dual court system ensures that no single state legislates in excess of the standards required by the federal system (Neubaeur & Fradella, 2010). The constitution gives some supremacy to the federal government and set aside the rest for the states. State and federal governments both need their court system to interpret and apply the laws. The dual court system enables the two to spell out the control of their resp ective court systems. Court unification refers to the degree to which state and federal judicial systems in the United States establish one level of appellate and trial courts controlled from the top by a single individual or institution. The drive towards unification of the courts would not lead to a monolithic court system. This is for the reason that this would give the Federal court system excessive control while state legislative would make sound decisions on the matters concerning people’s needs and local affairs. The system is too complex and such a move will not result into a lasting solution. The state legislature performs better when making right decisions concerning local affairs (Cole &Smith, 2006). Further, courts are an important feature of the criminal justice system. It is logical to sustain separate systems inclusive of the court, corrections, and the police, locally at the state and federal levels depending on the circumstances. If there were solely one corr ectional organization and massive police force dealing with a monolithic court system, there will be minimal effectiveness (Cole & Clear, 2010). All criminal activity needs the presence of a judge and ruling after a person has been arrested. For this reason, it is far more effectual for each of the numerous locations in the entire nation to have a municipal court system. Judges have specified sentencing guidelines and philosophical rationales when presenting a judgment over presented facts. They include just deserts, that is, denunciation and retribution; incapacitation, restitution, rehabilitation, and deterrence (Rossi & Berk, 1997). If I were a judge, my sentencing goals and philosophical rationale would base on just deserts. This is for the reason that just deserts rationale imposes sentences and the amount of this sentence is established by the offense itself rather than any other reason, particularly not the offences to be made in future. Further, just deserts rationale and se ntencing goal simply justifies a sentence on the basis that wrongdoing deserves punishment that is equivalent to the wrongdoing. Basing on the fact, just deserts uses punishment for illegal behavior, the focus is on the offender himself; for the guilty alone, and only for the offence. I would choose on this approach because it covers both a retributive component if that